Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part A (2024)

The area of pediatric anesthesia has been radically transformed by an influx of concepts aimed at enhancing the safety, accuracy, and recovery during perioperative procedures in children. This article covers the most important recent advances in the field of multidisciplinary care models, pharmaceutical discoveries, and anesthetic approaches. New sedatives and analgesics are changing the game due to their little systemic toxicity, short half-life, and rapid start of action, such as remimazolam and articaine. Concurrent technical developments in neuro-monitoring tools such as bispectral index monitoring and near-infrared spectroscopy have allowed clinicians to deliver more precise and individualized anesthetic therapy. A great leap toward preoperative and long-term holistic treatment has been made with the use of pediatric-specific Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) methods. Additionally, there has been an increase in attention to the neurodevelopmental effects of anesthesia in infancy, and as a result, more sophisticated, evidence-based approaches to anesthetic planning have evolved. This review synthesizes these complex advances, highlighting how they combine to improve clinical outcomes, streamline treatment pathways, and impact future research objectives.